Buy Dr. Allama Iqbal Books
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a prominent philosopher, poet, and politician in British India who played a key role in inspiring the Pakistan Movement. His contributions to literature, philosophy, and political thought have left an enduring impact on the Muslim world. Here is a detailed biography of his life:
Early Life and Education
- Birth: Allama Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, which was then part of British India and is now in Pakistan.
- Family Background: Iqbal came from a Kashmiri family that had embraced Islam centuries earlier. His father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad, was a tailor known for his piety and devotion to Islam. His mother, Imam Bibi, was a gracious and humble woman.
- Early Education: Iqbal began his education at a traditional madrasa, where he studied Arabic and Persian. He later attended the Scotch Mission College (now Murray College) in Sialkot, where he developed an interest in literature and philosophy.
Higher Education and Academic Career
- Government College, Lahore: Iqbal moved to Lahore in 1895 and enrolled in Government College, where he studied philosophy, English literature, and Arabic. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1897 and earned his Master's degree in philosophy in 1899.
- Studies in Europe: In 1905, Iqbal traveled to Europe for higher education. He studied at Trinity College, University of Cambridge, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1906. He then went to Germany and earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Munich in 1908. His doctoral thesis, "The Development of Metaphysics in Persia," showcased his deep understanding of Islamic philosophy.
- Academic Career: After returning to India, Iqbal joined the Government College, Lahore, as a professor of philosophy and English literature. His intellectual rigor and eloquence made him a respected academic figure.
Literary Contributions
- Poetry: Iqbal wrote extensively in Persian and Urdu. His poetry is characterized by its philosophical depth and inspirational themes, often addressing the spiritual and intellectual revival of Muslims. Notable works include:
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Allama Iqbal authored numerous books in both Persian and Urdu, covering a wide range of themes including philosophy, spirituality, nationalism, and selfhood. Here is a list of some of his most notable works:
Persian Works
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"Asrar-e-Khudi" (Secrets of the Self) - Published in 1915, this book is a philosophical poem that explores the development of the individual self. It emphasizes self-awareness and personal growth.
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"Rumuz-i-Bekhudi" (The Secrets of Selflessness) - Published in 1918, this book is a sequel to "Asrar-e-Khudi." It focuses on the individual's relationship with the community and society.
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"Payam-e-Mashriq" (The Message of the East) - Published in 1923, this book is a response to Goethe's "West-östlicher Divan." It highlights Eastern cultural and spiritual values.
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"Zabur-e-Ajam" (Persian Psalms) - Published in 1927, this book consists of Persian poems that reflect on various philosophical and spiritual themes.
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"Javid Nama" (The Book of Eternity) - Published in 1932, this is an epic poem inspired by Dante's "Divine Comedy." It narrates a mystical journey through the heavens.
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"Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq" (What Should Then Be Done, O People of the East) - Published in 1936, this book addresses the social and political issues facing the Eastern world.
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"Armaghan-e-Hijaz" (The Gift of Hijaz) - Published posthumously in 1938, this book contains a collection of Persian and Urdu poems. It reflects on the spiritual journey and the poet's personal thoughts.
Urdu Works
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"Bang-i-Dra" (The Call of the Marching Bell) - Published in 1924, this collection of Urdu poems includes patriotic and inspirational themes. It reflects on the historical and cultural heritage of the Muslim world.
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"Bal-i-Jibril" (Gabriel's Wing) - Published in 1935, this collection of Urdu poems explores themes of spirituality, divine love, and self-discovery.
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"Zarb-i-Kalim" (The Rod of Moses) - Published in 1936, this book contains poems that critique contemporary society and politics, advocating for a return to Islamic values.
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"Armughan-e-Hijaz" (The Gift of Hijaz) - As mentioned earlier, this book contains a collection of Persian and Urdu poems published posthumously.
Prose Works
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"Ilm ul-Iqtisad" (The Knowledge of Economics) - Published in 1903, this is one of Iqbal's earliest works. It discusses economic principles and issues.
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"The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam" - This series of lectures, delivered in 1930 and 1934, was later compiled into a book. It addresses the need for a dynamic and evolving interpretation of Islamic teachings to meet modern challenges.
Allama Iqbal's works have had a profound impact on Islamic thought, literature, and political philosophy. His poetry and prose continue to inspire and guide scholars, students, and readers around the world.
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Political Views and Contributions
- Philosophy of Self (Khudi): Iqbal's philosophy of "Khudi" emphasizes self-awareness and self-empowerment. He believed that realizing one's potential was essential for personal and communal progress.
- Vision for Muslims: Iqbal envisioned a separate homeland for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent where they could practice their faith freely and develop socially and economically. This vision laid the intellectual groundwork for the creation of Pakistan.
- Allahabad Address: In his famous 1930 address at the Allahabad Session of the All-India Muslim League, Iqbal articulated the idea of an independent Muslim state in northwestern India. This address is considered a seminal moment in the Pakistan Movement.
- Political Involvement: Although primarily a poet and philosopher, Iqbal actively participated in the political discourse of his time. He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Council and the All-India Muslim League.
Legacy
- National Poet: Iqbal is celebrated as the national poet of Pakistan. His birthday, November 9, is observed as Iqbal Day in Pakistan.
- Enduring Influence: Iqbal's ideas on selfhood, spirituality, and political independence continue to inspire people around the world. His works are studied widely in the Muslim world and beyond..
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Death:
- Allama Iqbal passed away on April 21, 1938, in Lahore. His tomb, located near the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, is a site of reverence and homage.
Allama Iqbal's intellectual legacy as a poet, philosopher, and political thinker has left an indelible mark on South Asia and the broader Islamic world. His vision for a revived and self-aware Muslim community continues to resonate with generations of scholars and activists.